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Add CISTEM and Hunspell benchmarks and refresh results

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Leo Galambos
2026-07-06 01:51:33 +02:00
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docs/benchmarking.md
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@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ This page is the entry point for benchmark interpretation. Detailed tables and l
- Radixor is the quality-oriented baseline in same-language comparisons. Its exact-root accuracy is often close to 100%, while many faster competitors are light, minimal, possessive, or aggressive rule-based stemmers with much lower root agreement.
- The measured Radixor cost buys dictionary-trained stemming precision. That precision improves search quality by mapping inflected forms to intended dictionary roots instead of approximate or over-reduced stems.
- Speed benchmarks process changed dictionary tokens where the surface form differs from the expected root. Accuracy benchmarks process the complete dictionary.
- Accuracy-only benchmarks intentionally use one deterministic JMH measurement iteration without warmup because repeated precision passes would duplicate the same counters.
- Accuracy tables use deterministic auxiliary counters from the current JMH reports. Repeated measurement samples duplicate the same exact-root accounting and are not interpreted as timing results.
- The historical Porter performance badge is retired. Benchmark reporting now uses speed and quality tables rather than a single Porter ratio.
## Benchmark Documentation Map

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docs/benchmarks/index.md
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@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ Open [Language Benchmark Pages](languages/index.md) for the complete language li
The English dictionary coverage benchmark shows the current contracted-trie operating curve. With
the full English dictionary, Radixor reaches `97.478%` all-token exactness and `97.197%`
changed-token exactness at `109.8 ns/token`. Even with a deterministic 10% dictionary slice, it
keeps `92.868%` all-token exactness and `76.516%` changed-token exactness at `90.9 ns/token`.
changed-token exactness at `135.8 ns/token`. Even with a deterministic 10% dictionary slice, it
keeps `92.868%` all-token exactness and `76.516%` changed-token exactness at `86.0 ns/token`.
Those figures should not be reduced to a single speed badge. The professional interpretation is a
quality/speed envelope: the amount and quality of dictionary knowledge affect stemming precision,

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docs/benchmarks/languages/czech.md
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@@ -26,11 +26,12 @@ Radixor stores the preferred transformation for each normalized dictionary word
## Accuracy
Accuracy is computed from one deterministic JMH measurement iteration without warmup. The benchmark may execute the full dictionary pass more than once inside that single timed iteration; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same iteration.
Accuracy is computed from JMH auxiliary counters in the current report. The counters are deterministic for a fixed corpus and stemmer; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same report and are not timing metrics.
| Stemmer | All exact | Changed exact | Root preserved | Note |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | 99.465% | 99.439% | 99.582% | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene HunspellStemFilter | 84.850% | 82.269% | 96.806% | Benchmark-only Czech Hunspell dictionary compared via Lucene HunspellStemFilter. |
| Lucene CzechStemFilter | 16.784% | 15.538% | 22.559% | Lucene Czech suffix stemmer implemented as a TokenFilter. |
## Speed
@@ -39,8 +40,9 @@ Speed uses JMH average time, 3 warmup iterations, 5 measurement iterations, 1 fo
| Stemmer | Benchmark method | Score ms/op | Error ms | ns/token | Relative vs Radixor | Note |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | `czechRadixor` | 3.117 | 0.454 | 66.9 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene CzechStemFilter | `czechLuceneCzechStemFilter` | 2.921 | 0.202 | 62.7 | 0.937 | Czech suffix stemmer implemented as a Lucene TokenFilter. |
| Radixor | `czechRadixor` | 3.332 | 0.240 | 71.6 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene HunspellStemFilter | `luceneHunspellStemFilter` | 346.819 | 3.622 | 7448.4 | 104.091 | Benchmark-only Czech Hunspell dictionary compared via Lucene HunspellStemFilter. |
| Lucene CzechStemFilter | `czechLuceneCzechStemFilter` | 3.163 | 0.253 | 67.9 | 0.949 | Czech suffix stemmer implemented as a Lucene TokenFilter. |
## Interpretation Notes

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docs/benchmarks/languages/danish.md
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@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ Radixor stores the preferred transformation for each normalized dictionary word
## Accuracy
Accuracy is computed from one deterministic JMH measurement iteration without warmup. The benchmark may execute the full dictionary pass more than once inside that single timed iteration; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same iteration.
Accuracy is computed from JMH auxiliary counters in the current report. The counters are deterministic for a fixed corpus and stemmer; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same report and are not timing metrics.
| Stemmer | All exact | Changed exact | Root preserved | Note |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | 99.371% | 99.527% | 98.923% | Radixor baseline in the Snowball-language comparison family. |
| Radixor | 99.371% | 99.527% | 98.923% | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | 55.509% | 54.159% | 59.371% | Lucene TokenFilter integration path around the Snowball algorithm. |
| Official Snowball direct | 55.509% | 54.159% | 59.371% | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; rule-based suffix algorithm. |
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ Speed uses JMH average time, 3 warmup iterations, 5 measurement iterations, 1 fo
| Stemmer | Benchmark method | Score ms/op | Error ms | ns/token | Relative vs Radixor | Note |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | `radixor[DANISH]` | 1.065 | 0.019 | 44.6 | 1.000 | Radixor baseline for the Snowball-language comparison family. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[DANISH]` | 2.028 | 0.011 | 84.9 | 1.904 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[DANISH]` | 2.692 | 0.028 | 112.6 | 2.527 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
| Radixor | `radixor[DANISH]` | 1.143 | 0.017 | 47.8 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[DANISH]` | 2.168 | 0.058 | 90.7 | 1.896 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[DANISH]` | 2.975 | 0.143 | 124.5 | 2.602 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
## Interpretation Notes

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docs/benchmarks/languages/dutch.md
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@@ -26,11 +26,12 @@ Radixor stores the preferred transformation for each normalized dictionary word
## Accuracy
Accuracy is computed from one deterministic JMH measurement iteration without warmup. The benchmark may execute the full dictionary pass more than once inside that single timed iteration; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same iteration.
Accuracy is computed from JMH auxiliary counters in the current report. The counters are deterministic for a fixed corpus and stemmer; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same report and are not timing metrics.
| Stemmer | All exact | Changed exact | Root preserved | Note |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | 99.120% | 98.711% | 100.000% | Radixor baseline in the Snowball-language comparison family. |
| Radixor | 99.120% | 98.711% | 100.000% | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene HunspellStemFilter | 46.590% | 22.718% | 97.976% | Benchmark-only Dutch Hunspell dictionary compared via Lucene HunspellStemFilter. |
| Official Snowball direct | 15.954% | 8.992% | 30.939% | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; rule-based suffix algorithm. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | 12.620% | 5.441% | 28.073% | Lucene TokenFilter integration path around the Snowball algorithm. |
@@ -40,9 +41,10 @@ Speed uses JMH average time, 3 warmup iterations, 5 measurement iterations, 1 fo
| Stemmer | Benchmark method | Score ms/op | Error ms | ns/token | Relative vs Radixor | Note |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | `radixor[DUTCH]` | 1.262 | 0.039 | 58.7 | 1.000 | Radixor baseline for the Snowball-language comparison family. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[DUTCH]` | 3.968 | 0.258 | 184.7 | 3.145 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[DUTCH]` | 6.866 | 0.337 | 319.6 | 5.441 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
| Radixor | `radixor[DUTCH]` | 1.331 | 0.114 | 61.9 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene HunspellStemFilter | `luceneHunspellStemFilter` | 22.760 | 1.387 | 1059.3 | 17.105 | Benchmark-only Dutch Hunspell dictionary compared via Lucene HunspellStemFilter. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[DUTCH]` | 4.146 | 0.291 | 193.0 | 3.116 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[DUTCH]` | 7.375 | 0.595 | 343.3 | 5.543 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
## Interpretation Notes

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docs/benchmarks/languages/english.md
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@@ -26,13 +26,14 @@ Radixor stores the preferred transformation for each normalized dictionary word
## Accuracy
Accuracy is computed from one deterministic JMH measurement iteration without warmup. The benchmark may execute the full dictionary pass more than once inside that single timed iteration; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same iteration.
Accuracy is computed from JMH auxiliary counters in the current report. The counters are deterministic for a fixed corpus and stemmer; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same report and are not timing metrics.
| Stemmer | All exact | Changed exact | Root preserved | Note |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | 97.478% | 97.197% | 97.552% | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene EnglishMinimalStemFilter | 90.981% | 65.189% | 97.820% | Minimal English plural reduction, not a full stemmer. |
| Lucene KStemFilter | 80.076% | 76.608% | 80.996% | Krovetz-style English stemming TokenFilter; broader than minimal suffix reducers. |
| Lucene HunspellStemFilter | 80.243% | 12.750% | 98.139% | Benchmark-only English Hunspell dictionary compared via Lucene HunspellStemFilter. |
| Lucene EnglishPossessiveFilter | 79.032% | 0.003% | 99.987% | Possessive-ending remover only, not a full stemmer. |
| Snowball English / Porter2 | 40.342% | 46.296% | 38.763% | Porter2 rule-based suffix stemmer, distinct from original Porter. |
| Lucene PorterStemFilter | 39.538% | 46.201% | 37.772% | Lucene TokenFilter path for Porter suffix rules; not dictionary-root equivalent. |
@@ -47,16 +48,17 @@ Speed uses JMH average time, 3 warmup iterations, 5 measurement iterations, 1 fo
| Stemmer | Benchmark method | Score ms/op | Error ms | ns/token | Relative vs Radixor | Note |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | `radixorUsUkProfiPreferredStem` | 16.621 | 8.532 | 79.0 | 1.000 | Full dictionary patch-command stemmer using compiled patch commands. |
| Lucene EnglishPossessiveFilter | `luceneEnglishPossessiveFilter` | 23.845 | 0.833 | 113.3 | 1.435 | Possessive-ending remover only; not a full stemmer. |
| Lucene EnglishMinimalStemFilter | `luceneEnglishMinimalStemFilter` | 17.091 | 0.198 | 81.2 | 1.028 | Narrow plural reduction filter; not a full stemmer. |
| Lucene PorterStemmer direct copy | `lucenePorterStemmerCopied` | 18.598 | 10.954 | 88.4 | 1.119 | Benchmark-only generated copy of Lucene package-private Porter implementation. |
| OpenNLP PorterStemmer | `opennlpPorterStemmer` | 18.213 | 10.674 | 86.5 | 1.096 | Apache OpenNLP Porter implementation. |
| Snowball original Porter | `snowballOriginalPorter` | 32.921 | 11.520 | 156.4 | 1.981 | Classic Porter suffix-rule stemmer; historical English baseline, not a dictionary-equivalent stemmer. |
| Lucene PorterStemFilter | `lucenePorterStemFilter` | 42.874 | 1.321 | 203.7 | 2.579 | Lucene TokenFilter integration path for Porter; includes TokenStream overhead. |
| Lucene KStemFilter | `luceneKStemFilter` | 50.483 | 3.624 | 239.8 | 3.037 | Krovetz-style English TokenFilter; broader than minimal suffix filters. |
| Snowball English / Porter2 | `snowballEnglishPorter2` | 47.844 | 1.887 | 227.3 | 2.878 | Porter2 suffix-rule stemmer, distinct from original Porter. |
| Paice/Husk Lancaster | `paiceHuskLancaster` | 135.050 | 11.088 | 641.6 | 8.125 | Aggressive rule-based English stemmer. |
| Radixor | `radixorUsUkProfiPreferredStem` | 21.987 | 8.707 | 104.5 | 1.000 | Full dictionary patch-command stemmer using compiled patch commands. |
| Lucene EnglishPossessiveFilter | `luceneEnglishPossessiveFilter` | 24.539 | 1.515 | 116.6 | 1.116 | Possessive-ending remover only; not a full stemmer. |
| Lucene EnglishMinimalStemFilter | `luceneEnglishMinimalStemFilter` | 22.702 | 1.195 | 107.8 | 1.032 | Narrow plural reduction filter; not a full stemmer. |
| Lucene PorterStemmer direct copy | `lucenePorterStemmerCopied` | 24.696 | 13.235 | 117.3 | 1.123 | Benchmark-only generated copy of Lucene package-private Porter implementation. |
| OpenNLP PorterStemmer | `opennlpPorterStemmer` | 23.121 | 12.528 | 109.8 | 1.052 | Apache OpenNLP Porter implementation. |
| Snowball original Porter | `snowballOriginalPorter` | 38.904 | 10.353 | 184.8 | 1.769 | Classic Porter suffix-rule stemmer; historical English baseline, not a dictionary-equivalent stemmer. |
| Lucene PorterStemFilter | `lucenePorterStemFilter` | 37.021 | 1.196 | 175.9 | 1.684 | Lucene TokenFilter integration path for Porter; includes TokenStream overhead. |
| Lucene KStemFilter | `luceneKStemFilter` | 51.640 | 2.591 | 245.3 | 2.349 | Krovetz-style English TokenFilter; broader than minimal suffix filters. |
| Lucene HunspellStemFilter | `luceneHunspellStemFilter` | 79.785 | 1.347 | 379.0 | 3.629 | Benchmark-only English Hunspell comparison using the benchmark Hunspell corpus. |
| Snowball English / Porter2 | `snowballEnglishPorter2` | 52.437 | 0.773 | 249.1 | 2.385 | Porter2 suffix-rule stemmer, distinct from original Porter. |
| Paice/Husk Lancaster | `paiceHuskLancaster` | 141.556 | 12.324 | 672.5 | 6.438 | Aggressive rule-based English stemmer. |
## Interpretation Notes

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docs/benchmarks/languages/finnish.md
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@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Radixor stores the preferred transformation for each normalized dictionary word
## Accuracy
Accuracy is computed from one deterministic JMH measurement iteration without warmup. The benchmark may execute the full dictionary pass more than once inside that single timed iteration; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same iteration.
Accuracy is computed from JMH auxiliary counters in the current report. The counters are deterministic for a fixed corpus and stemmer; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same report and are not timing metrics.
| Stemmer | All exact | Changed exact | Root preserved | Note |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
@@ -41,10 +41,10 @@ Speed uses JMH average time, 3 warmup iterations, 5 measurement iterations, 1 fo
| Stemmer | Benchmark method | Score ms/op | Error ms | ns/token | Relative vs Radixor | Note |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | `finnishRadixor` | 228.248 | 9.245 | 130.1 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene FinnishLightStemFilter | `finnishLuceneFinnishLightStemFilter` | 175.923 | 87.177 | 100.3 | 0.771 | Light Finnish suffix stemmer. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[FINNISH]` | 265.579 | 95.687 | 151.4 | 1.164 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[FINNISH]` | 338.099 | 175.101 | 192.7 | 1.481 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
| Radixor | `finnishRadixor` | 308.076 | 15.529 | 175.6 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene FinnishLightStemFilter | `finnishLuceneFinnishLightStemFilter` | 175.250 | 46.995 | 99.9 | 0.569 | Light Finnish suffix stemmer. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[FINNISH]` | 264.652 | 63.054 | 150.8 | 0.859 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[FINNISH]` | 374.883 | 238.157 | 213.6 | 1.217 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
## Interpretation Notes

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docs/benchmarks/languages/french.md
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@@ -26,11 +26,12 @@ Radixor stores the preferred transformation for each normalized dictionary word
## Accuracy
Accuracy is computed from one deterministic JMH measurement iteration without warmup. The benchmark may execute the full dictionary pass more than once inside that single timed iteration; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same iteration.
Accuracy is computed from JMH auxiliary counters in the current report. The counters are deterministic for a fixed corpus and stemmer; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same report and are not timing metrics.
| Stemmer | All exact | Changed exact | Root preserved | Note |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | 94.831% | 94.859% | 94.734% | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene HunspellStemFilter | 68.923% | 63.617% | 86.876% | Benchmark-only French Hunspell dictionary compared via Lucene HunspellStemFilter. |
| Lucene FrenchMinimalStemFilter | 11.472% | 6.236% | 29.192% | Minimal suffix reducer; narrow baseline, not a full stemmer. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | 8.551% | 5.183% | 19.952% | Lucene TokenFilter integration path around the Snowball algorithm. |
| Official Snowball direct | 8.462% | 5.067% | 19.952% | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; rule-based suffix algorithm. |
@@ -42,11 +43,12 @@ Speed uses JMH average time, 3 warmup iterations, 5 measurement iterations, 1 fo
| Stemmer | Benchmark method | Score ms/op | Error ms | ns/token | Relative vs Radixor | Note |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | `frenchRadixor` | 38.598 | 5.425 | 105.5 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene FrenchMinimalStemFilter | `frenchLuceneFrenchMinimalStemFilter` | 17.657 | 1.956 | 48.2 | 0.457 | Minimal French suffix reducer; narrow baseline. |
| Lucene FrenchLightStemFilter | `frenchLuceneFrenchLightStemFilter` | 28.742 | 2.391 | 78.5 | 0.745 | Light French suffix stemmer. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[FRENCH]` | 104.983 | 10.116 | 286.9 | 2.720 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[FRENCH]` | 117.938 | 4.007 | 322.3 | 3.056 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
| Radixor | `frenchRadixor` | 47.033 | 4.146 | 128.5 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene HunspellStemFilter | `luceneHunspellStemFilter` | 1664.935 | 65.928 | 4549.4 | 35.399 | Benchmark-only French Hunspell dictionary compared via Lucene HunspellStemFilter. |
| Lucene FrenchMinimalStemFilter | `frenchLuceneFrenchMinimalStemFilter` | 19.234 | 2.098 | 52.6 | 0.409 | Minimal French suffix reducer; narrow baseline. |
| Lucene FrenchLightStemFilter | `frenchLuceneFrenchLightStemFilter` | 30.560 | 3.680 | 83.5 | 0.650 | Light French suffix stemmer. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[FRENCH]` | 111.057 | 8.172 | 303.5 | 2.361 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[FRENCH]` | 123.648 | 3.500 | 337.9 | 2.629 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
## Interpretation Notes

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docs/benchmarks/languages/german.md
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@@ -26,16 +26,18 @@ Radixor stores the preferred transformation for each normalized dictionary word
## Accuracy
Accuracy is computed from one deterministic JMH measurement iteration without warmup. The benchmark may execute the full dictionary pass more than once inside that single timed iteration; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same iteration.
Accuracy is computed from JMH auxiliary counters in the current report. The counters are deterministic for a fixed corpus and stemmer; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same report and are not timing metrics.
| Stemmer | All exact | Changed exact | Root preserved | Note |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | 97.455% | 97.973% | 96.476% | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene GermanLightStemFilter | 38.583% | 35.800% | 43.849% | Light suffix stemmer; intentionally narrower than a dictionary-derived stemmer. |
| Lucene GermanMinimalStemFilter | 37.492% | 38.538% | 35.513% | Minimal suffix reducer; narrow baseline, not a full stemmer. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | 33.380% | 30.939% | 37.999% | Lucene TokenFilter integration path around the Snowball algorithm. |
| Official Snowball direct | 32.863% | 31.225% | 35.963% | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; rule-based suffix algorithm. |
| Lucene GermanStemFilter | 26.168% | 24.979% | 28.416% | German Lucene stemming TokenFilter; broader than minimal/light variants. |
| Radixor | 92.725% | 92.847% | 92.396% | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene HunspellStemFilter | 47.064% | 29.661% | 93.678% | Benchmark-only German Hunspell dictionary compared via Lucene HunspellStemFilter. |
| CISTEM (German) | 24.675% | 23.724% | 27.222% | Benchmark-only CISTEM implementation. |
| Lucene GermanLightStemFilter | 37.434% | 35.465% | 42.707% | Light suffix stemmer; intentionally narrower than a dictionary-derived stemmer. |
| Lucene GermanMinimalStemFilter | 27.640% | 24.951% | 34.844% | Minimal suffix reducer; narrow baseline, not a full stemmer. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | 30.956% | 28.853% | 36.589% | Lucene TokenFilter integration path around the Snowball algorithm. |
| Official Snowball direct | 30.481% | 29.027% | 34.376% | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; rule-based suffix algorithm. |
| Lucene GermanStemFilter | 21.559% | 19.312% | 27.576% | German Lucene stemming TokenFilter; broader than minimal/light variants. |
## Speed
@@ -43,12 +45,14 @@ Speed uses JMH average time, 3 warmup iterations, 5 measurement iterations, 1 fo
| Stemmer | Benchmark method | Score ms/op | Error ms | ns/token | Relative vs Radixor | Note |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | `germanRadixor` | 9.518 | 0.338 | 68.2 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene GermanMinimalStemFilter | `germanLuceneGermanMinimalStemFilter` | 12.020 | 0.460 | 86.1 | 1.263 | Minimal German suffix reduction; narrow baseline. |
| Lucene GermanLightStemFilter | `germanLuceneGermanLightStemFilter` | 12.413 | 1.059 | 88.9 | 1.304 | Light German suffix stemmer; narrower than a dictionary stemmer. |
| Lucene GermanStemFilter | `germanLuceneGermanStemFilter` | 36.644 | 5.667 | 262.4 | 3.850 | Older German stemming TokenFilter with normalization requirements. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[GERMAN]` | 54.846 | 8.710 | 392.8 | 5.762 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[GERMAN]` | 52.974 | 7.989 | 379.4 | 5.566 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Radixor | `germanRadixor` | 41.166 | 2.396 | 294.8 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| CISTEM | `germanCistem` | 248.392 | 12.294 | 1778.8 | 6.034 | Benchmark-only CISTEM implementation. |
| Lucene HunspellStemFilter | `luceneHunspellStemFilter` | 281.322 | 3.411 | 2014.6 | 6.834 | Benchmark-only German Hunspell dictionary compared via Lucene HunspellStemFilter. |
| Lucene GermanMinimalStemFilter | `germanLuceneGermanMinimalStemFilter` | 23.562 | 0.969 | 168.7 | 0.572 | Minimal German suffix reduction; narrow baseline. |
| Lucene GermanLightStemFilter | `germanLuceneGermanLightStemFilter` | 24.410 | 1.034 | 174.8 | 0.593 | Light German suffix stemmer; narrower than a dictionary stemmer. |
| Lucene GermanStemFilter | `germanLuceneGermanStemFilter` | 71.039 | 4.443 | 508.7 | 1.726 | Older German stemming TokenFilter with normalization requirements. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[GERMAN]` | 105.771 | 9.617 | 757.4 | 2.569 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[GERMAN]` | 100.688 | 9.018 | 721.0 | 2.446 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
## Interpretation Notes

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docs/benchmarks/languages/hungarian.md
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@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Radixor stores the preferred transformation for each normalized dictionary word
## Accuracy
Accuracy is computed from one deterministic JMH measurement iteration without warmup. The benchmark may execute the full dictionary pass more than once inside that single timed iteration; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same iteration.
Accuracy is computed from JMH auxiliary counters in the current report. The counters are deterministic for a fixed corpus and stemmer; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same report and are not timing metrics.
| Stemmer | All exact | Changed exact | Root preserved | Note |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
@@ -41,10 +41,10 @@ Speed uses JMH average time, 3 warmup iterations, 5 measurement iterations, 1 fo
| Stemmer | Benchmark method | Score ms/op | Error ms | ns/token | Relative vs Radixor | Note |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | `hungarianRadixor` | 53.844 | 5.619 | 60.0 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene HungarianLightStemFilter | `hungarianLuceneHungarianLightStemFilter` | 85.802 | 4.554 | 95.7 | 1.594 | Light Hungarian suffix stemmer. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[HUNGARIAN]` | 161.996 | 61.038 | 180.6 | 3.009 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[HUNGARIAN]` | 185.097 | 44.447 | 206.4 | 3.438 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
| Radixor | `hungarianRadixor` | 62.232 | 6.412 | 69.4 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene HungarianLightStemFilter | `hungarianLuceneHungarianLightStemFilter` | 92.813 | 6.929 | 103.5 | 1.491 | Light Hungarian suffix stemmer. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[HUNGARIAN]` | 157.765 | 13.202 | 175.9 | 2.535 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[HUNGARIAN]` | 188.863 | 15.880 | 210.6 | 3.035 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
## Interpretation Notes

10
docs/benchmarks/languages/italian.md
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@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Radixor stores the preferred transformation for each normalized dictionary word
## Accuracy
Accuracy is computed from one deterministic JMH measurement iteration without warmup. The benchmark may execute the full dictionary pass more than once inside that single timed iteration; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same iteration.
Accuracy is computed from JMH auxiliary counters in the current report. The counters are deterministic for a fixed corpus and stemmer; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same report and are not timing metrics.
| Stemmer | All exact | Changed exact | Root preserved | Note |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ Speed uses JMH average time, 3 warmup iterations, 5 measurement iterations, 1 fo
| Stemmer | Benchmark method | Score ms/op | Error ms | ns/token | Relative vs Radixor | Note |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | `italianRadixor` | 23.776 | 9.977 | 74.9 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene ItalianLightStemFilter | `italianLuceneItalianLightStemFilter` | 14.940 | 1.682 | 47.1 | 0.628 | Light Italian suffix stemmer. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[ITALIAN]` | 99.401 | 9.433 | 313.0 | 4.181 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[ITALIAN]` | 108.462 | 8.014 | 341.6 | 4.562 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
| Radixor | `italianRadixor` | 24.491 | 3.128 | 77.1 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene ItalianLightStemFilter | `italianLuceneItalianLightStemFilter` | 15.977 | 1.041 | 50.3 | 0.652 | Light Italian suffix stemmer. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[ITALIAN]` | 109.526 | 12.572 | 344.9 | 4.472 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[ITALIAN]` | 116.260 | 7.459 | 366.1 | 4.747 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
## Interpretation Notes

12
docs/benchmarks/languages/norwegian-bokmal.md
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@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Radixor stores the preferred transformation for each normalized dictionary word
## Accuracy
Accuracy is computed from one deterministic JMH measurement iteration without warmup. The benchmark may execute the full dictionary pass more than once inside that single timed iteration; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same iteration.
Accuracy is computed from JMH auxiliary counters in the current report. The counters are deterministic for a fixed corpus and stemmer; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same report and are not timing metrics.
| Stemmer | All exact | Changed exact | Root preserved | Note |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
@@ -42,11 +42,11 @@ Speed uses JMH average time, 3 warmup iterations, 5 measurement iterations, 1 fo
| Stemmer | Benchmark method | Score ms/op | Error ms | ns/token | Relative vs Radixor | Note |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | `norwegianBokmalRadixor` | 3.235 | 0.147 | 56.4 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene NorwegianMinimalStemFilter | `norwegianBokmalLuceneNorwegianMinimalStemFilter` | 2.720 | 0.190 | 47.4 | 0.841 | Minimal Norwegian suffix reducer. |
| Lucene NorwegianLightStemFilter | `norwegianBokmalLuceneNorwegianLightStemFilter` | 3.189 | 0.261 | 55.6 | 0.986 | Light Norwegian suffix stemmer. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[NORWEGIAN_BOKMAL]` | 3.978 | 0.031 | 69.3 | 1.230 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[NORWEGIAN_BOKMAL]` | 5.526 | 0.409 | 96.3 | 1.708 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
| Radixor | `norwegianBokmalRadixor` | 3.631 | 1.377 | 63.3 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene NorwegianMinimalStemFilter | `norwegianBokmalLuceneNorwegianMinimalStemFilter` | 2.910 | 0.177 | 50.7 | 0.801 | Minimal Norwegian suffix reducer. |
| Lucene NorwegianLightStemFilter | `norwegianBokmalLuceneNorwegianLightStemFilter` | 3.335 | 0.116 | 58.1 | 0.919 | Light Norwegian suffix stemmer. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[NORWEGIAN_BOKMAL]` | 4.277 | 0.082 | 74.5 | 1.178 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[NORWEGIAN_BOKMAL]` | 6.077 | 0.208 | 105.9 | 1.674 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
## Interpretation Notes

10
docs/benchmarks/languages/norwegian-nynorsk.md
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@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ Radixor stores the preferred transformation for each normalized dictionary word
## Accuracy
Accuracy is computed from one deterministic JMH measurement iteration without warmup. The benchmark may execute the full dictionary pass more than once inside that single timed iteration; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same iteration.
Accuracy is computed from JMH auxiliary counters in the current report. The counters are deterministic for a fixed corpus and stemmer; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same report and are not timing metrics.
| Stemmer | All exact | Changed exact | Root preserved | Note |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | 93.089% | 91.395% | 96.863% | Radixor baseline in the Snowball-language comparison family. |
| Radixor | 93.089% | 91.395% | 96.863% | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Official Snowball direct | 60.974% | 60.212% | 62.670% | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; rule-based suffix algorithm. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | 60.918% | 60.146% | 62.638% | Lucene TokenFilter integration path around the Snowball algorithm. |
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ Speed uses JMH average time, 3 warmup iterations, 5 measurement iterations, 1 fo
| Stemmer | Benchmark method | Score ms/op | Error ms | ns/token | Relative vs Radixor | Note |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | `radixor[NORWEGIAN_NYNORSK]` | 0.541 | 0.021 | 39.9 | 1.000 | Radixor baseline for the Snowball-language comparison family. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[NORWEGIAN_NYNORSK]` | 0.855 | 0.008 | 63.0 | 1.580 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[NORWEGIAN_NYNORSK]` | 1.221 | 0.025 | 90.0 | 2.258 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
| Radixor | `radixor[NORWEGIAN_NYNORSK]` | 0.571 | 0.012 | 42.1 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[NORWEGIAN_NYNORSK]` | 0.919 | 0.038 | 67.7 | 1.609 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[NORWEGIAN_NYNORSK]` | 1.309 | 0.015 | 96.5 | 2.292 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
## Interpretation Notes

6
docs/benchmarks/languages/persian.md
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@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Radixor stores the preferred transformation for each normalized dictionary word
## Accuracy
Accuracy is computed from one deterministic JMH measurement iteration without warmup. The benchmark may execute the full dictionary pass more than once inside that single timed iteration; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same iteration.
Accuracy is computed from JMH auxiliary counters in the current report. The counters are deterministic for a fixed corpus and stemmer; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same report and are not timing metrics.
| Stemmer | All exact | Changed exact | Root preserved | Note |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ Speed uses JMH average time, 3 warmup iterations, 5 measurement iterations, 1 fo
| Stemmer | Benchmark method | Score ms/op | Error ms | ns/token | Relative vs Radixor | Note |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | `persianRadixor` | 0.231 | 0.021 | 63.6 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene PersianStemFilter | `persianLucenePersianStemFilter` | 0.443 | 0.012 | 122.0 | 1.918 | Persian suffix stemmer with Lucene normalization in the measured path. |
| Radixor | `persianRadixor` | 0.245 | 0.025 | 49.0 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene PersianStemFilter | `persianLucenePersianStemFilter` | 0.466 | 0.015 | 93.3 | 1.902 | Persian suffix stemmer with Lucene normalization in the measured path. |
## Interpretation Notes

12
docs/benchmarks/languages/polish.md
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@@ -26,11 +26,12 @@ Radixor stores the preferred transformation for each normalized dictionary word
## Accuracy
Accuracy is computed from one deterministic JMH measurement iteration without warmup. The benchmark may execute the full dictionary pass more than once inside that single timed iteration; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same iteration.
Accuracy is computed from JMH auxiliary counters in the current report. The counters are deterministic for a fixed corpus and stemmer; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same report and are not timing metrics.
| Stemmer | All exact | Changed exact | Root preserved | Note |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | 98.837% | 98.744% | 99.359% | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene HunspellStemFilter | 89.545% | 88.272% | 96.713% | Benchmark-only Polish Hunspell dictionary compared via Lucene HunspellStemFilter. |
| Lucene MorfologikFilter | 87.729% | 86.606% | 94.047% | Dictionary-based path; Morfologik can emit multiple terms. |
| Lucene StempelFilter | 70.009% | 69.262% | 74.220% | Lucene TokenFilter integration path for table-driven Polish Stempel. |
| Lucene StempelStemmer direct | 70.009% | 69.262% | 74.220% | Direct table-driven Polish Stempel stemmer API. |
@@ -41,10 +42,11 @@ Speed uses JMH average time, 3 warmup iterations, 5 measurement iterations, 1 fo
| Stemmer | Benchmark method | Score ms/op | Error ms | ns/token | Relative vs Radixor | Note |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | `polishRadixor` | 7.760 | 0.240 | 69.1 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene StempelStemmer direct | `polishLuceneStempelStemmerDirect` | 34.295 | 0.418 | 305.3 | 4.420 | Direct table-driven Polish Stempel stemmer API. |
| Lucene StempelFilter | `polishLuceneStempelFilter` | 39.116 | 1.717 | 348.2 | 5.041 | Lucene TokenFilter integration path for table-driven Polish Stempel. |
| Lucene MorfologikFilter | `polishLuceneMorfologikFilter` | 128.516 | 12.557 | 1143.9 | 16.562 | Dictionary-based Morfologik TokenFilter; may emit multiple terms. |
| Radixor | `polishRadixor` | 9.049 | 0.485 | 80.5 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene HunspellStemFilter | `luceneHunspellStemFilter` | 483.316 | 11.455 | 4301.8 | 53.408 | Benchmark-only Polish Hunspell dictionary compared via Lucene HunspellStemFilter. |
| Lucene StempelStemmer direct | `polishLuceneStempelStemmerDirect` | 41.932 | 1.916 | 373.2 | 4.634 | Direct table-driven Polish Stempel stemmer API. |
| Lucene StempelFilter | `polishLuceneStempelFilter` | 45.277 | 13.693 | 403.0 | 5.003 | Lucene TokenFilter integration path for table-driven Polish Stempel. |
| Lucene MorfologikFilter | `polishLuceneMorfologikFilter` | 135.763 | 31.634 | 1208.4 | 15.002 | Dictionary-based Morfologik TokenFilter; may emit multiple terms. |
## Interpretation Notes

14
docs/benchmarks/languages/portuguese.md
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@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Radixor stores the preferred transformation for each normalized dictionary word
## Accuracy
Accuracy is computed from one deterministic JMH measurement iteration without warmup. The benchmark may execute the full dictionary pass more than once inside that single timed iteration; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same iteration.
Accuracy is computed from JMH auxiliary counters in the current report. The counters are deterministic for a fixed corpus and stemmer; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same report and are not timing metrics.
| Stemmer | All exact | Changed exact | Root preserved | Note |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@ Speed uses JMH average time, 3 warmup iterations, 5 measurement iterations, 1 fo
| Stemmer | Benchmark method | Score ms/op | Error ms | ns/token | Relative vs Radixor | Note |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | `portugueseRadixor` | 10.598 | 0.273 | 51.1 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene PortugueseLightStemFilter | `portugueseLucenePortugueseLightStemFilter` | 10.101 | 0.389 | 48.7 | 0.953 | Light Portuguese suffix stemmer. |
| Lucene PortugueseMinimalStemFilter | `portugueseLucenePortugueseMinimalStemFilter` | 14.493 | 0.760 | 69.8 | 1.367 | Minimal Portuguese suffix reducer. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[PORTUGUESE]` | 52.508 | 6.338 | 253.1 | 4.954 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[PORTUGUESE]` | 54.048 | 1.173 | 260.5 | 5.100 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
| Lucene PortugueseStemFilter | `portugueseLucenePortugueseStemFilter` | 141.208 | 12.785 | 680.6 | 13.324 | Portuguese RSLP-style Lucene TokenFilter. |
| Radixor | `portugueseRadixor` | 12.109 | 0.698 | 58.4 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene PortugueseLightStemFilter | `portugueseLucenePortugueseLightStemFilter` | 11.172 | 1.870 | 53.8 | 0.923 | Light Portuguese suffix stemmer. |
| Lucene PortugueseMinimalStemFilter | `portugueseLucenePortugueseMinimalStemFilter` | 16.038 | 1.752 | 77.3 | 1.325 | Minimal Portuguese suffix reducer. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[PORTUGUESE]` | 53.725 | 5.356 | 258.9 | 4.437 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[PORTUGUESE]` | 57.457 | 1.182 | 276.9 | 4.745 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
| Lucene PortugueseStemFilter | `portugueseLucenePortugueseStemFilter` | 165.447 | 40.334 | 797.4 | 13.663 | Portuguese RSLP-style Lucene TokenFilter. |
## Interpretation Notes

10
docs/benchmarks/languages/russian.md
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@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Radixor stores the preferred transformation for each normalized dictionary word
## Accuracy
Accuracy is computed from one deterministic JMH measurement iteration without warmup. The benchmark may execute the full dictionary pass more than once inside that single timed iteration; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same iteration.
Accuracy is computed from JMH auxiliary counters in the current report. The counters are deterministic for a fixed corpus and stemmer; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same report and are not timing metrics.
| Stemmer | All exact | Changed exact | Root preserved | Note |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
@@ -41,10 +41,10 @@ Speed uses JMH average time, 3 warmup iterations, 5 measurement iterations, 1 fo
| Stemmer | Benchmark method | Score ms/op | Error ms | ns/token | Relative vs Radixor | Note |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | `russianRadixor` | 72.970 | 15.642 | 99.8 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene RussianLightStemFilter | `russianLuceneRussianLightStemFilter` | 57.900 | 4.404 | 79.2 | 0.793 | Light Russian suffix stemmer. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[RUSSIAN]` | 99.019 | 14.688 | 135.4 | 1.357 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[RUSSIAN]` | 128.272 | 7.201 | 175.4 | 1.758 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
| Radixor | `russianRadixor` | 89.671 | 3.886 | 122.6 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene RussianLightStemFilter | `russianLuceneRussianLightStemFilter` | 60.522 | 5.310 | 82.7 | 0.675 | Light Russian suffix stemmer. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[RUSSIAN]` | 106.031 | 9.287 | 145.0 | 1.182 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[RUSSIAN]` | 137.512 | 10.801 | 188.0 | 1.534 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
## Interpretation Notes

16
docs/benchmarks/languages/spanish.md
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@@ -26,11 +26,12 @@ Radixor stores the preferred transformation for each normalized dictionary word
## Accuracy
Accuracy is computed from one deterministic JMH measurement iteration without warmup. The benchmark may execute the full dictionary pass more than once inside that single timed iteration; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same iteration.
Accuracy is computed from JMH auxiliary counters in the current report. The counters are deterministic for a fixed corpus and stemmer; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same report and are not timing metrics.
| Stemmer | All exact | Changed exact | Root preserved | Note |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | 97.459% | 97.544% | 96.891% | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene HunspellStemFilter | 49.074% | 42.656% | 92.154% | Benchmark-only Spanish Hunspell dictionary compared via Lucene HunspellStemFilter. |
| Lucene SpanishMinimalStemFilter | 17.284% | 5.347% | 97.403% | Minimal suffix reducer; narrow baseline, not a full stemmer. |
| Lucene SpanishPluralStemFilter | 15.140% | 5.802% | 77.820% | Plural-focused suffix reducer; narrow baseline. |
| Lucene SpanishLightStemFilter | 9.577% | 7.088% | 26.279% | Light suffix stemmer; intentionally narrower than a dictionary-derived stemmer. |
@@ -43,12 +44,13 @@ Speed uses JMH average time, 3 warmup iterations, 5 measurement iterations, 1 fo
| Stemmer | Benchmark method | Score ms/op | Error ms | ns/token | Relative vs Radixor | Note |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | `spanishRadixor` | 64.539 | 3.448 | 80.0 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene SpanishMinimalStemFilter | `spanishLuceneSpanishMinimalStemFilter` | 38.288 | 2.382 | 47.5 | 0.593 | Minimal Spanish suffix reducer; narrow baseline. |
| Lucene SpanishLightStemFilter | `spanishLuceneSpanishLightStemFilter` | 40.855 | 2.407 | 50.7 | 0.633 | Light Spanish suffix stemmer. |
| Lucene SpanishPluralStemFilter | `spanishLuceneSpanishPluralStemFilter` | 91.054 | 8.822 | 112.9 | 1.411 | Plural-oriented Spanish suffix reducer. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[SPANISH]` | 168.813 | 32.860 | 209.4 | 2.616 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[SPANISH]` | 185.626 | 50.297 | 230.2 | 2.876 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
| Radixor | `spanishRadixor` | 78.919 | 7.253 | 97.9 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene HunspellStemFilter | `luceneHunspellStemFilter` | 2079.041 | 193.548 | 2578.6 | 26.344 | Benchmark-only Spanish Hunspell dictionary compared via Lucene HunspellStemFilter. |
| Lucene SpanishMinimalStemFilter | `spanishLuceneSpanishMinimalStemFilter` | 45.596 | 4.639 | 56.6 | 0.578 | Minimal Spanish suffix reducer; narrow baseline. |
| Lucene SpanishLightStemFilter | `spanishLuceneSpanishLightStemFilter` | 42.003 | 1.683 | 52.1 | 0.532 | Light Spanish suffix stemmer. |
| Lucene SpanishPluralStemFilter | `spanishLuceneSpanishPluralStemFilter` | 93.734 | 6.247 | 116.3 | 1.188 | Plural-oriented Spanish suffix reducer. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[SPANISH]` | 171.995 | 11.035 | 213.3 | 2.179 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[SPANISH]` | 211.138 | 17.940 | 261.9 | 2.675 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
## Interpretation Notes

12
docs/benchmarks/languages/swedish.md
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@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Radixor stores the preferred transformation for each normalized dictionary word
## Accuracy
Accuracy is computed from one deterministic JMH measurement iteration without warmup. The benchmark may execute the full dictionary pass more than once inside that single timed iteration; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same iteration.
Accuracy is computed from JMH auxiliary counters in the current report. The counters are deterministic for a fixed corpus and stemmer; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same report and are not timing metrics.
| Stemmer | All exact | Changed exact | Root preserved | Note |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
@@ -42,11 +42,11 @@ Speed uses JMH average time, 3 warmup iterations, 5 measurement iterations, 1 fo
| Stemmer | Benchmark method | Score ms/op | Error ms | ns/token | Relative vs Radixor | Note |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | `swedishRadixor` | 4.916 | 0.525 | 57.3 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene SwedishMinimalStemFilter | `swedishLuceneSwedishMinimalStemFilter` | 4.453 | 0.530 | 51.9 | 0.906 | Minimal Swedish suffix reducer. |
| Lucene SwedishLightStemFilter | `swedishLuceneSwedishLightStemFilter` | 4.523 | 0.151 | 52.8 | 0.920 | Light Swedish suffix stemmer. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[SWEDISH]` | 7.075 | 0.541 | 82.5 | 1.439 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[SWEDISH]` | 9.379 | 0.056 | 109.4 | 1.908 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
| Radixor | `swedishRadixor` | 5.489 | 0.355 | 64.0 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene SwedishMinimalStemFilter | `swedishLuceneSwedishMinimalStemFilter` | 4.630 | 0.130 | 54.0 | 0.843 | Minimal Swedish suffix reducer. |
| Lucene SwedishLightStemFilter | `swedishLuceneSwedishLightStemFilter` | 4.876 | 0.328 | 56.9 | 0.888 | Light Swedish suffix stemmer. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[SWEDISH]` | 7.517 | 0.072 | 87.7 | 1.370 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[SWEDISH]` | 9.793 | 0.338 | 114.2 | 1.784 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
## Interpretation Notes

10
docs/benchmarks/languages/ukrainian.md
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@@ -26,11 +26,12 @@ Radixor stores the preferred transformation for each normalized dictionary word
## Accuracy
Accuracy is computed from one deterministic JMH measurement iteration without warmup. The benchmark may execute the full dictionary pass more than once inside that single timed iteration; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same iteration.
Accuracy is computed from JMH auxiliary counters in the current report. The counters are deterministic for a fixed corpus and stemmer; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same report and are not timing metrics.
| Stemmer | All exact | Changed exact | Root preserved | Note |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | 99.307% | 99.365% | 99.062% | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene HunspellStemFilter | 86.815% | 83.759% | 99.866% | Benchmark-only Ukrainian Hunspell dictionary compared via Lucene HunspellStemFilter. |
| Lucene MorfologikFilter | 92.362% | 90.637% | 99.732% | Dictionary-based path; Morfologik can emit multiple terms. |
| Morfologik direct | 92.362% | 90.637% | 99.732% | Direct dictionary lookup; first returned stem is used for quality when no ranking weight is exposed. |
@@ -40,9 +41,10 @@ Speed uses JMH average time, 3 warmup iterations, 5 measurement iterations, 1 fo
| Stemmer | Benchmark method | Score ms/op | Error ms | ns/token | Relative vs Radixor | Note |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | `ukrainianRadixor` | 0.605 | 0.056 | 47.4 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Morfologik direct | `ukrainianMorfologikDirect` | 8.106 | 0.040 | 635.7 | 13.408 | Direct Morfologik dictionary lookup; first returned stem is used for quality. |
| Lucene MorfologikFilter | `ukrainianLuceneMorfologikFilter` | 14.684 | 5.214 | 1151.5 | 24.287 | Dictionary-based Morfologik TokenFilter; may emit multiple terms. |
| Radixor | `ukrainianRadixor` | 0.682 | 0.057 | 53.5 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene HunspellStemFilter | `luceneHunspellStemFilter` | 43.527 | 1.207 | 3413.3 | 63.799 | Benchmark-only Ukrainian Hunspell dictionary compared via Lucene HunspellStemFilter. |
| Morfologik direct | `ukrainianMorfologikDirect` | 8.680 | 0.073 | 680.7 | 12.723 | Direct Morfologik dictionary lookup; first returned stem is used for quality. |
| Lucene MorfologikFilter | `ukrainianLuceneMorfologikFilter` | 14.575 | 0.248 | 1143.0 | 21.364 | Dictionary-based Morfologik TokenFilter; may emit multiple terms. |
## Interpretation Notes

10
docs/benchmarks/languages/yiddish.md
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@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ Radixor stores the preferred transformation for each normalized dictionary word
## Accuracy
Accuracy is computed from one deterministic JMH measurement iteration without warmup. The benchmark may execute the full dictionary pass more than once inside that single timed iteration; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same iteration.
Accuracy is computed from JMH auxiliary counters in the current report. The counters are deterministic for a fixed corpus and stemmer; percentages divide matching counters by evaluated counters from the same report and are not timing metrics.
| Stemmer | All exact | Changed exact | Root preserved | Note |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | 98.930% | 98.343% | 100.000% | Radixor baseline in the Snowball-language comparison family. |
| Radixor | 98.930% | 98.343% | 100.000% | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | 2.837% | 2.558% | 3.346% | Lucene TokenFilter integration path around the Snowball algorithm. |
| Official Snowball direct | 2.837% | 2.558% | 3.346% | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; rule-based suffix algorithm. |
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ Speed uses JMH average time, 3 warmup iterations, 5 measurement iterations, 1 fo
| Stemmer | Benchmark method | Score ms/op | Error ms | ns/token | Relative vs Radixor | Note |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| Radixor | `radixor[YIDDISH]` | 0.236 | 0.004 | 85.1 | 1.000 | Radixor baseline for the Snowball-language comparison family. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[YIDDISH]` | 1.432 | 0.193 | 515.7 | 6.058 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[YIDDISH]` | 1.595 | 0.068 | 574.6 | 6.749 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
| Radixor | `radixor[YIDDISH]` | 0.254 | 0.004 | 50.7 | 1.000 | Full Radixor dictionary patch-command stemmer. |
| Official Snowball direct | `snowballDirect[YIDDISH]` | 1.537 | 0.220 | 307.3 | 6.058 | Official Snowball generated Java stemmer; direct API. |
| Lucene SnowballFilter | `luceneSnowballFilter[YIDDISH]` | 1.714 | 0.120 | 342.8 | 6.756 | Lucene TokenFilter path around Snowball; includes TokenStream overhead. |
## Interpretation Notes

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@@ -4,20 +4,28 @@ Implemented benchmark methods are documented on the per-language pages under [La
## Included Candidate Families
The current benchmark pages include Radixor baselines, Lucene language filters where the language matches a bundled Radixor resource, Lucene Stempel and Morfologik paths where applicable, official Snowball Java stemmers where same-language comparison is available, and selected English-specific non-Lucene baselines such as OpenNLP Porter and Paice/Husk Lancaster.
The current benchmark pages include Radixor baselines, Lucene language filters where the language matches a bundled Radixor resource, Lucene Stempel and Morfologik paths where applicable, official Snowball Java stemmers where same-language comparison is available, benchmark-only CISTEM German stemmer evaluation, benchmark-only Hunspell comparisons, and selected English-specific non-Lucene baselines such as OpenNLP Porter and Paice/Husk Lancaster.
Benchmark-only Hunspell comparisons use bundled benchmark dictionaries and the Lucene HunspellStemFilter adapter over the selected language token streams.
The CISTEM candidate is implemented in `src/jmh/java/org/egothor/stemmer/benchmark/Cistem.java` and follows the original MIT-licensed upstream implementation from Leonie Weissweiler's CISTEM project.
CISTEM German gold-standard files are not vendored in this repository. The Gradle JMH resource preparation tasks download `goldstandard1.txt` and `goldstandard2.txt` from the upstream CISTEM repository into generated build resources.
Direct stemmer APIs and Lucene TokenFilter paths are documented separately on language pages. TokenFilter rows include TokenStream, attribute, and required normalization overhead. Direct rows measure exposed direct APIs.
For the benchmark refresh used in this documentation build:
- Hunspell families are included in `HunspellStemmerComparisonBenchmark` (speed) and `HunspellStemmerComparisonBenchmarkQuality` (quality for all benchmark languages in this corpus). The legacy
`EnglishHunspellStemmerComparisonBenchmarkQuality` result is retained for continuity.
- CISTEM quality is present in the published per-language results under `GERMAN_CISTEM`. CISTEM speed is present as `germanCistem` in `MultiLanguageStemmerComparisonBenchmark`.
## Evaluated But Skipped Candidates
| Candidate | Language | Link/source | Reason skipped |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Lucene Arabic, Bulgarian, Bengali, Sorani, Greek, Galician, Hindi, Indonesian, Latvian, Telugu filters | Various | `lucene-analysis-common` | No bundled same-language Radixor resource in this repository snapshot. |
| Lucene analyzer-only paths | Multiple | Lucene analyzers | Full analyzers mix tokenization, stop-word handling, and other behavior; direct filters are used where available. |
| Lucene HunspellStemFilter | Multiple | `lucene-analysis-common` | Requires external Hunspell dictionaries not resolved as benchmark-only resources here. |
| Lucene StemmerOverrideFilter | Multiple | `lucene-analysis-common` | Override map facility, not a stemmer algorithm. |
| Additional Snowball Lovins | English | Official Snowball Java distribution | No Lovins Java stemmer was present in the selected Snowball Java distribution. |
| Lemur Project Krovetz Stemmer | English | Lemur Project | Lucene KStem represents the Krovetz-style path without adding separate dependency and license risk. |
| Smile Lancaster / Paice-Husk | English | Smile NLP | Smile is large for one stemmer; Paice/Husk is included through a smaller benchmark-only generated path. |
| CISTEM German stemmer | German | `https://github.com/LeonieWeissweiler/CISTEM` | Clean benchmark-only Java integration was not completed in this phase. |
| `stemmerEval` reference repository | Multiple | `https://github.com/endredy/stemmerEval` | Used only as a candidate reference; no code or data copied. |

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@@ -6,16 +6,16 @@ This benchmark is the clearest demonstration of the Radixor quality/speed envelo
| Used rows | Actual row ratio | All exact | Changed exact | Root preserved | Speed ms/op | Error ms | ns/token |
| ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 100% | 100.000% | 97.478% | 97.197% | 97.552% | 23.113 | 7.065 | 109.8 |
| 90% | 90.000% | 97.047% | 94.913% | 97.613% | 21.270 | 9.914 | 101.0 |
| 80% | 80.000% | 96.635% | 92.768% | 97.661% | 19.170 | 6.609 | 91.1 |
| 70% | 70.000% | 96.209% | 90.565% | 97.705% | 20.857 | 6.734 | 99.1 |
| 60% | 60.000% | 95.750% | 88.384% | 97.703% | 14.975 | 1.215 | 71.1 |
| 50% | 50.000% | 95.262% | 86.107% | 97.690% | 15.249 | 1.078 | 72.4 |
| 40% | 40.000% | 94.753% | 83.855% | 97.643% | 15.323 | 2.340 | 72.8 |
| 30% | 30.000% | 94.208% | 81.651% | 97.537% | 16.778 | 2.643 | 79.7 |
| 20% | 20.000% | 93.633% | 79.366% | 97.416% | 18.929 | 3.241 | 89.9 |
| 10% | 10.000% | 92.868% | 76.516% | 97.204% | 19.124 | 1.883 | 90.9 |
| 100% | 100.000% | 97.478% | 97.197% | 97.552% | 28.578 | 7.571 | 135.8 |
| 90% | 90.000% | 97.047% | 94.913% | 97.613% | 26.612 | 9.227 | 126.4 |
| 80% | 80.000% | 96.635% | 92.768% | 97.661% | 23.331 | 8.106 | 110.8 |
| 70% | 70.000% | 96.209% | 90.565% | 97.705% | 22.362 | 1.957 | 106.2 |
| 60% | 60.000% | 95.750% | 88.384% | 97.703% | 16.497 | 2.026 | 78.4 |
| 50% | 50.000% | 95.262% | 86.107% | 97.690% | 16.035 | 0.986 | 76.2 |
| 40% | 40.000% | 94.753% | 83.855% | 97.643% | 16.459 | 0.664 | 78.2 |
| 30% | 30.000% | 94.208% | 81.651% | 97.537% | 19.566 | 0.758 | 92.9 |
| 20% | 20.000% | 93.633% | 79.366% | 97.416% | 14.616 | 0.487 | 69.4 |
| 10% | 10.000% | 92.868% | 76.516% | 97.204% | 18.093 | 3.147 | 86.0 |
## Column Meanings

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@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ The values below are environment-specific and must not be read as universal perf
| Item | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Benchmark date | 2026-07-03 |
| Focused comparison command family | JMH jar runs limited to `EnglishStemmerComparisonBenchmark`, `MultiLanguageStemmerComparisonBenchmark`, and `SnowballLanguageStemmerComparisonBenchmark`; Radixor exact-root metrics were recomputed deterministically against the same contracted loaders |
| Benchmark date | 2026-07-06 (Europe/Prague) |
| Focused comparison command family | `./gradlew jmh -Pjmh.includes='.*StemmerComparisonBenchmark.*' --no-daemon` |
| English coverage command | `./gradlew jmh -Pjmh.includes='.*EnglishRadixorDictionaryCoverageBenchmark.*' --no-daemon` |
| Speed result reports | `build/reports/jmh/contracted/english-comparison.csv`, `multilanguage-speed.csv`, `snowball-language-speed.csv` |
| Accuracy result reports | Deterministic Radixor exact-root pass over bundled dictionaries; non-Radixor quality rows retained from the existing published quality suite |
| Speed result reports | `build/reports/jmh/stemmer-comparison-2026-07-06.csv`, `build/reports/jmh/stemmer-comparison-2026-07-06.txt`, `build/reports/jmh/english-coverage-2026-07-06.csv`, and `build/reports/jmh/english-coverage-2026-07-06.txt` |
| Accuracy result reports | `build/reports/jmh/stemmer-comparison-2026-07-06.csv`, `build/reports/jmh/english-coverage-2026-07-06.csv`, and deterministic Radixor exact-root accounting over the same bundled language corpora |
| Final comparison JMH scope | Stemmer comparison benchmarks only; internal `FrequencyTrie*` microbenchmarks were not run |
| Coverage JMH scope | English Radixor dictionary coverage benchmark only |
| JMH version | 1.37 |
@@ -16,15 +16,19 @@ The values below are environment-specific and must not be read as universal perf
| Score unit | `ns/op` |
| Speed warmup | 3 iterations, 1 s each |
| Speed measurement | 5 iterations, 1 s each |
| Accuracy warmup | none for deterministic exact-root accounting |
| Accuracy measurement | 1 deterministic measurement iteration; counters only, not speed interpretation |
| Accuracy warmup | 3 JMH warmup iterations were applied by the Gradle invocation; timing scores from quality methods are not interpreted |
| Accuracy measurement | 5 JMH measurement samples; documentation uses deterministic auxiliary counter ratios from the same report |
| Fork count in generated report files | 1 |
| Default fork policy for accuracy-only benchmark classes | `@Fork(0)` for future default runs because accuracy counters are deterministic and not interpreted as speed |
| Thread count | 1 |
| JVM reported by JMH | OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM, 25.0.3+9 |
| JVM reported by JMH | JDK 25.0.3, OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM, 25.0.3+9 |
| Java runtime | OpenJDK Runtime Environment, Red Hat build 25.0.3+9 |
| JVM invoker | `/usr/lib/jvm/java-25-openjdk/bin/java` |
| Operating system | Linux 7.0.13-200.fc44.x86_64 |
| CPU | AMD Ryzen 5 7600 6-Core Processor |
| Operating system | Fedora Linux 44 (MATE-Compiz) |
| Kernel | Linux 7.0.12-201.fc44.x86_64 |
| Architecture | x86_64 |
| CPU | AMD Ryzen 5 8600G w/ Radeon 760M Graphics |
| Physical cores | 6 |
| Logical CPUs | 12 |
## Contracted Trie Baseline
@@ -35,12 +39,10 @@ All Radixor rows in the refreshed benchmark tables use contracted compiled patch
Generated local report files for this benchmark update:
- `build/reports/jmh/contracted/english-comparison.csv`
- `build/reports/jmh/contracted/english-comparison.txt`
- `build/reports/jmh/contracted/multilanguage-speed.csv`
- `build/reports/jmh/contracted/multilanguage-speed.txt`
- `build/reports/jmh/contracted/snowball-language-speed.csv`
- `build/reports/jmh/contracted/snowball-language-speed.txt`
- `build/reports/jmh/stemmer-comparison-2026-07-06.csv`
- `build/reports/jmh/stemmer-comparison-2026-07-06.txt`
- `build/reports/jmh/english-coverage-2026-07-06.csv`
- `build/reports/jmh/english-coverage-2026-07-06.txt`
JMH TXT and CSV reports are still published as benchmark artifacts. They are not converted into a Porter speed badge.

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@@ -56,4 +56,4 @@ rootPreservedPercent = rootPreservedMatches / rootEvaluatedTokens * 100
Morfologik can emit multiple terms for one input token. The quality benchmark uses the first emitted term for exact-root accounting when no ranking weight is exposed. Throughput benchmarks for Morfologik TokenFilter paths consume all emitted terms.
Quality reports intentionally use one deterministic measurement iteration without warmup, because exact-root agreement is not a timing metric and repeated precision passes would only duplicate the same counters.
Quality reports use JMH auxiliary counter rows. Exact-root accounting is deterministic for a fixed corpus and stemmer, so repeated measurement samples duplicate the same counters; documentation uses the counter ratios and does not interpret quality benchmark timing scores.